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高考语法复习二、主谓一致

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高考语法复习二、主谓一致

在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意:① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.

3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意:① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.

5、在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.  

注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.

7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意: a number of“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of“…的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。

8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

(二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。

1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.  

3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如: “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.

4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

6、一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.

7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。

(三)就近一致原则:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?

2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room..

注意:Here引导的句子用法同上。

语法复习二、主谓一致

1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.

A.am       B.is       C.are      D.be

key: A  who指的是I; I am 所以who am

2. The rich ____ not always happy.

A.are       B.is       C.has        D.have

key: A  the+adj 指一类人,当然用复数了; be happy,所以不用have

3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.

A.are      B.am      C.is      D.was

key: A 就近原则;主语是Jack and I

4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.

A. are studying     B. have studied      C. studies     D. study

key: C 句子主语Mary;  as well as her sisters不是主语

5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.

A.am      B.is      C.are      D.be

key: A 就近原则

6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us  

   ____ good painters.,

A.are;are      B.am;am      C.am;are      D.is;is

key: C 第一空就近原则  

7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.

A.wish      B.wishes       C.is like      D.like

key: B  

8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.

A.was B.is C. would be D.are

key: D  population这个词指人,谓语用复数;指数字,谓语用单数

9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.

A.is       B.are      C.has       D.have

key: A

10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.

A. have been     B.is to be     C.are to be     D. has been

key: D  means不是复数,是一个单词,意思是方法手段

11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.

A. was punished     B. punished     C. were punished     D. being punished

key: A  

12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the meeting

    this afternoon.

A.is      B.was      C.are       D.is being

key: C the League secretary和 the monitor 两个人;比较: the doctor and writer is coming...

13. The great writer and professor____.

A. is an old man                     B. are both old men

C. is an old man and a young man       D. were two Chinese

key: A

14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.

A.are      B.is      C.has      D.have

key: B 就近原则

15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.

A. are     B. was      C. is      D. be

key: A a large number of... 很多,相当于many的用法;比较: the number of...指的是数字,所以谓语动词用单数的形式

16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people  

   leave things as they are.

A. doesn' t change     B.don't change     C.change     D.changed

key: A

17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.

A. is       B. are     C. was     D. were

key: A the Arabian Nights-天方夜谭,这是一本书,谓语动词当然用单数了.

18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.

A. has been     B.have been     C.was     D.is

key: B works 著作,作品 毛主席选集已经出版了,当然是复数了.

19. A chemical works____ built there.

A. is to being     B.have been    C. were to     D.has been

key: D works 工厂   

20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.

A.is;four     B.are;four     C.is;five     D.are;five

key: B  

21 .The United States of America ____one of the most developed

    countries in the world.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

key: A 主语是一个国家  

22.He is the only one of the students who ____ elected.

A. are       B.have       C.has      D.is

key: D  比较: He is one of the students who are elected.

23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.

A.have     B.has      C. have been      D.has been

key: C

24.Many a man ____ come to help us.

A.have        B.has        C.is        D.are

key: B  这个把它背下来

25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said.

A.is;is      B.are;are      C.are;is      D.is;are

key: A 第一个all 指所有人;第二个all是情况

26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared  

in a theatre.

A. is searching for             B. were searching for  

C. are searching for            D. were searching

key: B 是警方的人,不是一个单位;search 为搜(身);search for=look for

27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.

A.is;il     B.are;it     C.are;them     D.is;them

key: C 有人戏说裤子两条腿,所以是复数.有道理  

28.This pair of trousers ____ too long for him.

A.is       B.be      C.are       D.were

key: A 注意主语不是裤子,是pair, this pair

29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.

A.is       B.are      C.has       D.have

key: A  a +名词+and a half , one and a half + 名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数.

注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two bananas have been left on the table.  

30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.

A.is B.are C.get D.equal

key: A

高考语法复习二

主谓一致这个语法,规则记住就可以.如果觉得规则太多,很难一时记住,可以配合练习题解析来记

语法复习二、主谓一致

31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

A.seems     B.seem     C.seemed     D.seemes

key: A  把ten minutes看成一个整体.

32.____of the money____ nm out.

A. Three-fifth; has         B. Three-fifth; has been

C. Three-fifths; has        D. Three-fifths; have

key: C 第一空分数表达法,当分子大于1的时候,分母用复数;主语

是money,不可数.

33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.

A. are listening to    B. is listening to    C.are listening    D. is listening

key: A the whole class 指全体学生

34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.

A.is        B.are        C.was        D.were

key: A the rest 后面用单数还是复数,取决于它所指代的事物.如果指代不可数名词,当然用当数;如果指代可数名词,要看它所指代的是几个,如果是一个也要用单数.

35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.

A.stand       B.stands       C. standing       D.are

key: B 注意这是倒装句,主语是the teaching building  

36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.

A. is needed     B. has -needed     C. are needed     D. need

key: A 主语是A large quantities of 用法相当于much;比较: several bottles of water are needed. 这时句子的主语就是bottle,所以谓语动词用复数

37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.

A. is B.was C.are D.all

key: A 主语从句.相当于 It is now clear to us all that they were wrong in these matters.

38.What we need____ good textbooks.

A.is       B.are      C.have      D.has

key: B 我们需要的东西是好的教科书,也就是说what we need 所指是教科书们

39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.

A.have something to at             B. has something to do with  

C.had something to do with         D.has been something to do with

key: B  

40. More than one member ____ against the plan.

A. is       B.are       C.has        D.have

key: A  

41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.

A. has not decided           B. is not decided  

C. are not decided           D. have not decided

key: B  When and where to build the new factory讲的是一个事情

42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.

A. are B. has C. is D. have

key: C

43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently?

A. Have      B. Had     C. Has      D. Is

key: C   

44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.  

A. are      B. are going to be      C. is      D. is to be

key: C Mathematics 数学

45. My family ____ small.  

A. is      B. were     C. are      D. makes

key: A 所指不是家里的人,而是把家作为一个单位来说.  

46. The following ____ some other examples.  

A. are      B. is      C. was       D. were

key: A  the following指代的是一些其它的例子们

47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.

A. is      B. will be      C. was       D. are

key: D

48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.  

A. is       B. are      C. was      D. has

key: B

49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.  

A. are      B. is      C. were      D. was

key: B

50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.

A. was      B. is       C. are      D. were

key: C

比较一下48-50三个题

51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.  

A. is      B. am      C. are       D. be

key: B 就近原则

52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.  

A. is       B. am      C. are      D. be

key: A 同51

53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.

A. are      B. were      C. is      D. will

key: C An iron and steel works 钢铁厂,不是钢厂和铁厂;  

54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.  

A. are      B. were      C. will      D. is

key: D

55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.

A. is, are      B. are, is      C. is, is     D. are, are

key: A

56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.  

A. is      B. am      C. are      D. be

key: B 强调句式,原句: I am going to attend the meeting tomorrow.对主语进行强调.注意强调句式只是用 it is/was....that/who(指人时可以使用who,当然也可以使用that)...这个结构改变词序,其它的什么也不能动.

57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.  

A. is      B. are      C. is from      D. are from

key: D

58. Many a man ____ the novel.  

A. has read      B. have read      C. is read     D. are read

key: A

59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.

A. is      B. was      C. are      D. were

key: A

60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.

A. are      B. is       C. was      D. were

key: B

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